Bioaccumulation for heavy metal removal: a review

Abstract This paper reviews plants and microorganisms removal of heavy metals from contaminated sites through bioaccumulation. Increased industrial activities have led to the uncontrolled release into environment, resulting in a global increase metal pollution. Heavy are also consumed surface glasses over prolonged period use. pollution is serious problem that can wide-ranging long-lasting impacts on human health environment. Therefore, effective remediation crucial protect ecological health. Traditional methods removal, such as chemical treatment physical be costly negative The utilization for bioremediation metal-polluted environments has proven removing accumulation and/or detoxification. method effective, economical, versatile, environmentally friendly. Bioaccumulation utilizes absorb remove sites. not only cost-effective but helps minimize environmental impact Additionally, bioaccumulation used combination with other techniques, phytostabilization phytodegradation, further improve efficiency removal. discusses use water soil biomagnification bioconcentration. Techniques phytoaccumulation, phytostimulation, phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, phytofiltration discussed ways